Canine parvovirus enteritis is caused by canine parvovirus (CPV). It is currently an infectious disease with a high fatality rate second only to canine distemper in China. It is characterized by frequent vomiting, bloody diarrhea and rapid dehydration. The mortality rate of infected puppies is as high as 50% to 100%.

(1) Pathogens and epidemiology

1. Pathogens and transmission routes:

The pathogen is CPV, which belongs to the family Parvoviridae, genus Parvovirus, and is a single-stranded DNA virus. Mainly spread through the digestive tract.

2. Source of infection

Mainly sick dogs and poisonous dogs.

3. Susceptible animals

Canines, mustelids, and dogs of all ages, genders, and breeds can be infected, but puppies between 3 and 6 months old are the most susceptible and often develop into litters. Dogs that recover from the disease can acquire long-term or even lifelong antibodies.

(2) Symptoms

Most of them show symptoms of enteritis, and a few show symptoms of myocarditis.

The incubation period is 1 to 2 weeks, and the symptoms of gastroenteritis are:

1. Vomiting: Vomiting is the first symptom at the beginning of the disease. Generally, undigested food in the stomach is vomited out first, and then the vomitus is mostly water or mucus, often containing yellow-green bile. At the same time, there is no appetite, a strong desire to drink, vomiting immediately after drinking, and a body temperature as high as about 40°C.

2. Diarrhea: Diarrhea occurs after 1 to 2 days of frequent vomiting. The stool changes from soft to thin, and then becomes bloody, with tomato juice-like bloody stool and a special fishy smell that can quickly permeate the entire clinical space.

3. Dehydration: 24 to 48 hours after the onset of gastroenteritis symptoms, rapid dehydration and weight loss, sunken eyeballs, loss of skin elasticity, and weakness. Blood tests showed an increase in hematocrit and a decrease in white blood cells.

(3) Diagnosis

Based on the frequent vomiting of the affected dog, followed by severe bloody diarrhea, dehydration and other symptoms, combined with the typical epidemiological characteristics, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. Necropsy of the lesions is helpful for confirming the diagnosis. Imported canine parvovirus rapid diagnostic test strips take a small amount of feces as a test sample and can make a diagnosis within 5 to 10 minutes.

(4) Treatment

Inject canine parvovirus monoclonal antibodies or hyperimmune serum containing anti-canine parvovirus antibodies as soon as possible at the beginning of the disease. At the same time, for the symptoms of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and dehydration, take cardiac rehydration, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, antidiarrheal and hemostatic treatment. . Usually, 5% glucose sodium chloride solution or compound sodium chloride solution is infused intravenously, and an appropriate dose of ribavirin, gentamicin or amikacin, hemostatic sensitivity is added., vitamin K, atropine sulfate or hydrochloric acid 654-2. For dogs suffering from refractory vomiting, it is recommended to intramuscularly inject Emol, chlorpromazine or atropine sulfate to relieve vomiting, and the medication can be administered multiple times within a day. Metoclopramide should not be used to stop vomiting in this disease. Its pharmacological effect of promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis often causes massive intestinal bleeding. Animals are deprived of food and water.

(5) Prognosis

Canine parvovirus enteritis is characterized by a short and acute course and rapid deterioration. Death will occur in 4 to 5 days in a short course and about 1 week in a long course, which is obviously different from canine distemper. If vomiting, diarrhea and bleeding can be stopped quickly and effectively during treatment, and water, electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders can be corrected by timely and reasonable infusion, the cure rate can be significantly improved. The cure rate of myocarditis type is very low, and sudden death often occurs.

(6) Prevention

Dogs in safe areas can be vaccinated for the first time with domestic vaccines at 10 to 12 weeks of age. Puppies in epidemic areas threatened by parvovirus or lacking maternal antibodies should be vaccinated for the first time at 6 to 8 weeks of age, with 2 to 3 doses. 3 consecutive immunizations at weekly intervals. It can also be super exempted (an additional exemption is given when the female dog is 45 days pregnant). The vaccination program is the same as for canine distemper. The method of use of the canine series vaccine of Netherlands Intway International Co., Ltd. is the same as that of canine distemper.