How to neuter a female dog without surgery

There is no other way to sterilize a female dog except through sterilization surgery. Although 20% of sterilization surgeries are associated with at least one complication, such as adverse anesthetic reactions, internal bleeding, inflammation or infection, abscesses, incomplete sutures, etc. Fortunately, most complications are not serious, less than five percent are life-threatening, but the mortality rate is very low, less than one percent. And neutering can help dogs avoid pyometra, ovarian cancer, and false pregnancy; it can also reduce the risk of breast cancer.