Where to cut when neutering a dog?

To sterilize a male dog, cut off the male dog’s balls, that is, the testicles. In addition to cutting off the male dog's testicles, the male dog's vas deferens must also be removed. Neutering a female dog requires removal of the female dog’s fallopian tubes, ovaries and part of the uterus. Neutering a male dog is relatively simple and the operation time is short. Neutering a female dog is complicated and the operation takes a long time.