Causes of the respiratory system

Obstructive abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract limit deep breathing, such as nasal cavity or nostril stenosis or obstruction, functional abnormalities of the throat, and nasopharyngeal disease. Polyps or tumors, collapsed or compressed trachea, acromegaly.

Lower respiratory diseases cause poor alveolar gas exchange function, such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, lobar torsion, primary or metastatic lung tumors, and asthma . Diseases of the pleural cavity such as pleural effusion, pneumothorax, mediastinal tumors, and diaphragmatic hernia.

Abnormalities in cardiac function

Cardiovascular dysfunction, such as filariasis, pulmonary embolism and abnormal development of cardiopulmonary blood vessels. Left ventricular congestive heart failure, such as cap atresia and regurgitation, congenital left-to-right accessory pathway, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation. Inadequate cardiac output, such as cardiac arrhythmias, subcortical or pulmonary stenosis, and cardiac tamponade. Bypass from right heart to left heart, such as open ductus arteriosus, quadruple malformation of Fallot, right aortic malformation, etc.

Blood diseases

Insufficient blood oxygen transport capacity such as anemia (there are many reasons that can cause anemia in animals), degenerative hemoglobinuria, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Metabolic acidosis caused by excessive blood carbonate, such as kidney disease, diabetes, shock, diarrhea, poisoning and other factors.